Heritage fences

Homeowners work hard to restore and preserve their heritage or character houses but often overlook the importance of the front fence. As seen in this photo of "Shandon" house in Pittsworth, the fence is an integral component of the street, as it gives the first impression of the house and garden's character.

A gable-roofed timber house with a front verandah and ornate white picket fence.

Image 1 Gable-roofed timber residence called Shandon, Pittsworth, Queensland, ca. 1915. John Oxley Library, State Library of Queensland, negative: 199235.

We've produced these design guidelines to provide general guidance for building or replacing fences in heritage and character precincts. The Toowoomba Regional Council Planning Scheme does not prescribe specific fences for your property, because fences and garden designs vary with house styles. However, if the original fence hasn't survived, new fences and gates should be appropriate to the area's character and the era of the building. An ornate Victorian fence won't suit a 1930s bungalow, just as a 1930s fence would look out of place on a Victorian residence. Any new fence should also not be overly elaborate for the house or street.

The house styles icons below provide a guide to the most common house styles in our region and their approximate construction dates. They're used throughout these guidelines to help you identify the details most suited to your house.

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 Find out more about typical heritage house styles in the Toowoomba Region.

Design guidelines

When building or replacing a fence on a heritage or character house you should:

  • retain or reproduce original fences
  • ensure new fences should suit the style of your house and streetscape
  • keep fences under 1.2m (4 feet) high at the front
  • choose appropriate materials – timber fences are most common in our region’s older areas (Illustrations 1 and 2)  
  • follow street patterns and rhythms.

In heritage areas, houses and their gardens are usually the dominant elements in the streetscape. Traditionally, front fences were low, allowing views into the garden and beyond, as seen in these historic and modern photos (Images 2, 3 and 4).

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High screen fences or solid fences should not built on front boundaries, in order to preserve the heritage streetscape. Heights can range from 300mm to 1200mm, with the average falling in the range of 600mm to 900mm. Avoid fence heights greater than 1200mm.

If the original front fence still exists it should be kept and repaired where possible. Alternatively, a new fence can be constructed to match the original details such as height, profiles, sizes and materials. Evidence of early fences can often survive: old posts or postholes or even old fence parts such as chain mesh or pickets may be found either along the boundary or elsewhere on the site. Early photos are a rare but invaluable resource. Neighbours may also have memories or photos of earlier fences on your property.

Fence styles

Most of the early fences in the Toowoomba Region were either:

  • timber picket (Illustration 3)
  • post-and-rail with timber paling (Illustration 4 and Image 5)
  • post-and-rail with chain mesh infill panels (Illustration 5 and Image 6).

Occasionally fences were made of cast iron, palisade, steel ribbon, brick, stucco, or a combination of these. Colours and materials typically matched those of the house.

There were several variations of post-and-rail fences (Illustrations 6 and 7, and Image 7).

 

Generally, decorative fences were built on the street frontage, while side and rear fences were constructed of cheaper timber paling or strained wire (Image 8).

Gates usually matched the front fence in style and materials (Illustration 8), although steel ribbon gates appear regularly on all styles of fences in the region (Image 9).

 

Brick fences are most suited to brick homes. Victorian and Edwardian era fences are more likely to have a combination of brick or render and cast iron, rather than solid brick walls (Image 10). Interwar and postwar brick fences are generally solid but low in height, often only 300mm to 600mm high.

Hedges

Hedges are a good alternative to fences for privacy screening. They can be environmentally friendly and aesthetically pleasing. Although privet has been a traditional hedging plant, it is no longer recommended as it is a weed. Instead, consider planting species such as lilly pilly, photinia or double white may.

Contact us for a copy of our planting guide for water-wise gardeners.

Heritage fence descriptions and images

Good fence design can enhance the historical character of an area as well as complement individual heritage buildings. However, not all historical houses had fences. For example, shortages of materials following World War II meant fences were relatively rare and those that were built tended to be very low. The materials used often reflected those used in the construction of the house, so brick fences became more common.

Side fences were less ornate than front fences and commonly were simple paling fences. New side and rear fences can be of a more contemporary design and are usually constructed or repaired by mutual agreement between adjoining owners. The use of steel (e.g. Colorbond) for fencing is not recommended in heritage or character areas.

Height and proportions

You should maintain the height and proportions of the front fence along the side boundaries, at least to the front corner of the house.

Fences less than two metres in height do not require a building or planning permit. There are specific requirements for the location and heights of fences on corner lots. Check with our building department for current requirements. The style and materials can still be planned to suit the style of your house and street.

Rhythm and pattern

In hillier areas, fences usually step between support posts to follow the slope of the footpath (Image 11). The horizontal rails are perpendicular to the posts rather than parallel to the slope of the land.

This rhythm is an important characteristic in the streetscape and should also be repeated in new fences. Masonry fences tended to follow a similar pattern and rhythm to the timber styles (Images 12 and 13). Those that were built tended to be very low.

Further reading

National Trust of Australia (Victoria), Technical Bulletin 8.1 Fences and gates 1988.